The first Polish cosmonaut was Mirosław Hermaszewski, who made his first space flight in June 1978 on the Soviet Soyuz-30 spacecraft together with cosmonaut Piotr Klimuk. This was the second manned flight under the Intercosmos program. After the USSR, the USA and Czechoslovakia, Poland became the fourth country whose citizen flew into space.

The second Polish cosmonaut, 47 years after Hermaszewski, was Sławosz Uznański, who flew as part of a private crew on the Crew Dragon spacecraft of the SpaceX company. The flight took place in June 2025 and included docking with the ISS.

List of Polish astronauts.