The longest space flight.

Все космонавты и астронавты	Alle Astronauts und Kosmonauten	All astronauts and cosmonauts
Астронавты США	US Astronauten	US Astronauts
Космонавты СССР/России	Kosmonauten der UdSSR/Russland	Cosmonauts of the USSR/Russia
Космонавты Китая	China Astronauten	China Astronauts
Другие страны	Andere Länder	Other countries
Женщины	Frauen	Women

№	Имя	Страна	Орбитер	Продолжительность

1	Francisco Rubio	USA	Soyuz MS-22/23 - ISS-67/68/69	370 d 21 h 23 m 0 s (8901 h 23 m 0 s)
2	Mark Vande Hei	USA	Soyuz MS-18 - ISS-64/65/66	355 d 3 h 45 m 20 s (8523 h 45 m 20 s)
3	Scott Kelly	USA	Soyuz TMA-16M - ISS-43/44/45/46	340 d 8 h 42 m 30 s (8168 h 42 m 30 s)
4	Christina Koch	USA	Soyuz MS-12-ISS-59/60/61	328 d 13 h 58 m 0 s (7885 h 58 m 0 s)
5	Peggy Whitson	USA	Soyuz MS-03 - ISS-50/51/52	289 d 5 h 1 m 30 s (6941 h 1 m 30 s)
6	Barry Wilmore	USA	Starliner CFT - ISS-71/72	286 d 7 h 5 m 0 s (6871 h 5 m 0 s)
7	Sunita Williams	USA	Starliner CFT - ISS-71/72	286 d 7 h 5 m 0 s (6871 h 5 m 0 s)
8	Andrew Morgan	USA	Soyuz MS-13-ISS-60/61/62	271 d 12 h 48 m 22 s (6516 h 48 m 22 s)
9	Jonathan Kim	USA	SoyuzMS-27 - ISS-72/73	244 d 23 h 17 m 0 s (5879 h 17 m 0 s)
10	Matthew Dominick	USA	Dragon-13 - ISS-70/71/72	235 d 3 h 36 m 0 s (5643 h 36 m 0 s)
11	Michael Barratt	USA	Dragon-13 - ISS-70/71/72	235 d 3 h 36 m 0 s (5643 h 36 m 0 s)
12	Jeanette Epps	USA	Dragon-13 - ISS-70/71/72	235 d 3 h 36 m 0 s (5643 h 36 m 0 s)
13	Donald Pettit	USA	Soyuz MS-26-ISS-71/72	220 d 8 h 57 m 0 s (5288 h 57 m 0 s)
14	Michael Lopez-Alegria	USA	Soyuz TMA-09 - ISS-14	215 d 8 h 22 m 48 s (5168 h 22 m 48 s)
15	Jessica Meir	USA	Soyuz MS-15 - ISS-61/62	204 d 15 h 19 m 1 s (4911 h 19 m 1 s)
16	Loral O'Hara	USA	Soyuz MS-24 - ISS-69/70	203 d 15 h 32 m 25 s (4887 h 32 m 25 s)
17	Anne McClain	USA	Soyuz MS-11 - ISS-57/58/59	203 d 15 h 17 m 0 s (4887 h 17 m 0 s)
18	Tyler Hague	USA	Soyuz MS-12-ISS-59/60	202 d 15 h 45 m 0 s (4863 h 45 m 0 s)
19	Katherine McArthur	USA	Dragon-3 - ISS-65/66	199 d 17 h 44 m 0 s (4793 h 44 m 0 s)
20	Robert Kimbrough	USA	Dragon-3 - ISS-65/66	199 d 17 h 44 m 0 s (4793 h 44 m 0 s)
21	Terry Virts	USA	Soyuz TMA-15M - ISS-42/43	199 d 16 h 42 m 46 s (4792 h 42 m 46 s)
22	Jasmin Moghbeli	USA	Dragon-11 - ISS-69/70	199 d 2 h 20 m 0 s (4778 h 20 m 0 s)
23	Richard Arnold	USA	Soyuz MS-08 - ISS-55/56	196 d 18 h 0 m 37 s (4722 h 0 m 37 s)
24	Andrew Feustel	USA	Soyuz MS-08 - ISS-55/56	196 d 18 h 0 m 37 s (4722 h 0 m 37 s)
25	Serena Aunon-Chancellor	USA	Soyuz MS-09 - ISS-56/57	196 d 17 h 49 m 19 s (4721 h 49 m 19 s)
26	Daniel Bursch	USA	Endeavour STS-108 - ISS-4	195 d 19 h 38 m 13 s (4699 h 38 m 13 s)
27	Carl Walz	USA	Endeavour STS-108 - ISS-4	195 d 19 h 38 m 13 s (4699 h 38 m 13 s)
28	Christopher Cassidy	USA	Soyuz MS-16 - ISS-62/63	195 d 18 h 49 m 6 s (4698 h 49 m 6 s)
29	Michael Foale	USA	Soyuz TMA-03 - ISS-8	194 d 18 h 33 m 43 s (4674 h 33 m 43 s)
30	Leroy Chiao	USA	Soyuz TMA-05 - ISS-10	192 d 19 h 0 m 59 s (4627 h 0 m 59 s)
31	William McArthur	USA	Soyuz TMA-07 - ISS-12	189 d 19 h 52 m 31 s (4555 h 52 m 31 s)
32	Shannon Lucid	USA	Atlantis STS-76 - Mir	188 d 4 h 0 m 11 s (4516 h 0 m 11 s)
33	Richard Mastracchio	USA	Soyuz TMA-11M - ISS-37/38/39	187 d 21 h 44 m 15 s (4509 h 44 m 15 s)
34	Edward Fincke	USA	Soyuz TMA-04 - ISS-9	187 d 21 h 16 m 59 s (4509 h 16 m 59 s)
35	Warren Hoburg	USA	Dragon-9 - ISS-68/69	185 d 22 h 43 m 0 s (4462 h 43 m 0 s)
36	Stephen Bowen	USA	Dragon-9 - ISS-68/69	185 d 22 h 43 m 0 s (4462 h 43 m 0 s)
37	Timothy Kopra	USA	Soyuz TMA-19M - ISS-46/47	185 d 22 h 11 m 51 s (4462 h 11 m 51 s)
38	Kathleen Rubins	USA	Soyuz MS-17 - ISS-63/64	184 d 23 h 10 m 8 s (4439 h 10 m 8 s)
39	Edward Lu	USA	Soyuz TMA-02 - ISS-7	184 d 22 h 46 m 9 s (4438 h 46 m 9 s)
40	Tracy Caldwell Dyson	USA	Soyuz MS-25 - ISS-70/71	183 d 23 h 23 m 0 s (4415 h 23 m 0 s)
41	Gregory Chamitoff	USA	Discovery STS-124 - ISS-17/18	183 d 0 h 22 m 54 s (4392 h 22 m 54 s)
42	Jeffrey Williams	USA	Soyuz TMA-08 - ISS-13	182 d 22 h 42 m 59 s (4390 h 42 m 59 s)
43	John Phillips	USA	Soyuz TMA-06 - ISS-11	179 d 0 h 23 m 23 s (4296 h 23 m 23 s)
44	Kayla Barron	USA	Dragon-5 - ISS-66/67	176 d 2 h 39 m 29 s (4226 h 39 m 29 s)
45	Thomas Marshburn	USA	Dragon-5 - ISS-66/67	176 d 2 h 39 m 29 s (4226 h 39 m 29 s)
46	Raja Chari	USA	Dragon-5 - ISS-66/67	176 d 2 h 39 m 29 s (4226 h 39 m 29 s)
47	Kjell Lindgren	USA	Dragon-7 - ISS-67/68	170 d 13 h 3 m 0 s (4093 h 3 m 0 s)
48	Robert Hines	USA	Dragon-7 - ISS-67/68	170 d 13 h 3 m 0 s (4093 h 3 m 0 s)
49	Jessica Watkins	USA	Dragon-7 - ISS-67/68	170 d 13 h 3 m 0 s (4093 h 3 m 0 s)
50	Steven Swanson	USA	Soyuz TMA-12M - ISS-39/40	169 d 5 h 6 m 16 s (4061 h 6 m 16 s)
51	Scott Tingle	USA	Soyuz MS-07 - ISS-54/55	168 d 5 h 18 m 41 s (4037 h 18 m 41 s)
52	Joseph Acaba	USA	Soyuz MS-06 - ISS-53/54	168 d 5 h 14 m 56 s (4037 h 14 m 56 s)
53	Shannon Walker	USA	Dragon-2 - ISS	167 d 6 h 28 m 43 s (4014 h 28 m 43 s)
54	Michael Hopkins	USA	Dragon-2 - ISS	167 d 6 h 28 m 43 s (4014 h 28 m 43 s)
55	Victor Glover	USA	Dragon-2-ISS	167 d 6 h 28 m 43 s (4014 h 28 m 43 s)
56	Susan Helms	USA	Discovery STS-102 - ISS-2	167 d 6 h 20 m 51 s (4014 h 20 m 51 s)
57	James Voss	USA	Discovery STS-102 - ISS-2	167 d 6 h 20 m 51 s (4014 h 20 m 51 s)
58	Michael Fossum	USA	Soyuz TMA-02M - ISS-28/29	167 d 6 h 12 m 35 s (4014 h 12 m 35 s)
59	Karen Nyberg	USA	Soyuz TMA-09M - ISS-36/37	166 d 6 h 17 m 36 s (3990 h 17 m 36 s)
60	Gregory Wiseman	USA	Soyuz TMA-13M - ISS-40/41	165 d 8 h 0 m 48 s (3968 h 0 m 48 s)
61	Daniel Burbank	USA	Soyuz TMA-22 - ISS-29/30	165 d 7 h 31 m 20 s (3967 h 31 m 20 s)
62	Ronald Garan	USA	Soyuz TMA-21 - ISS-27/28	164 d 5 h 41 m 19 s (3941 h 41 m 19 s)
63	Douglas Wheelock	USA	Soyuz TMA-19 - ISS-24/25	163 d 7 h 11 m 15 s (3919 h 11 m 15 s)
64	Timothy Creamer	USA	Soyuz TMA-17 - ISS-22/23	163 d 5 h 32 m 4 s (3917 h 32 m 4 s)
65	Kenneth Bowersox	USA	Endeavour STS-113 - ISS-6	161 d 1 h 14 m 38 s (3865 h 14 m 38 s)
66	Catherine Coleman	USA	Soyuz TMA-20 - ISS-26	159 d 7 h 17 m 26 s (3823 h 17 m 26 s)
67	Nicole Mann	USA	Dragon-8 - ISS-68	157 d 10 h 1 m 3 s (3778 h 1 m 3 s)
68	Josh Cassada	USA	Dragon-8 - ISS-68	157 d 10 h 1 m 3 s (3778 h 1 m 3 s)
69	Clayton Anderson	USA	Atlantis STS-117 - ISS-15/16	151 d 18 h 23 m 14 s (3642 h 23 m 14 s)
70	Nichole Ayers	USA	Dragon-16 - ISS-72/73	147 d 16 h 30 m 0 s (3544 h 30 m 0 s)
71	Kevin Ford	USA	Soyuz TMA-06M - ISS-33/34	143 d 16 h 14 m 30 s (3448 h 14 m 30 s)
72	William Shepherd	USA	Soyuz TM-31 - ISS-1	140 d 23 h 38 m 13 s (3383 h 38 m 13 s)
73	Andrew Thomas	USA	Endeavour STS-89 - Mir-24	140 d 15 h 12 m 3 s (3375 h 12 m 3 s)
74	Randolph Bresnik	USA	Soyuz MS-05 - ISS 52/53	138 d 16 h 57 m 16 s (3328 h 57 m 16 s)
75	Jack Fischer	USA	Soyuz MS-04 - ISS-51/52	135 d 18 h 8 m 10 s (3258 h 8 m 10 s)
76	Sandra Magnus	USA	Endeavour STS-126 - ISS-18	133 d 18 h 17 m 38 s (3210 h 17 m 38 s)
77	Jerry Linenger	USA	Atlantis STS-81 - Mir-22	132 d 4 h 0 m 21 s (3172 h 0 m 21 s)
78	Frank Culbertson	USA	Discovery STS-105 - ISS-3	128 d 20 h 45 m 2 s (3092 h 45 m 2 s)
79	John Blaha	USA	Atlantis STS-79 - Mir	128 d 5 h 27 m 55 s (3077 h 27 m 55 s)
80	David Wolf	USA	Atlantis STS-86 - Mir-26	127 d 20 h 0 m 50 s (3068 h 0 m 50 s)
81	Daniel Tani	USA	Discovery STS-120 - ISS-16	119 d 22 h 28 m 51 s (2878 h 28 m 51 s)
82	Norman Thagard	USA	Soyuz TM-21 - Mir-18	115 d 8 h 43 m 0 s (2768 h 43 m 0 s)
83	Garrett Reisman	USA	Endeavour STS-123 - ISS-16/17	95 d 8 h 47 m 5 s (2288 h 47 m 5 s)
84	Nicole Stott	USA	Discovery STS-128 - ISS-20/21	90 d 10 h 44 m 46 s (2170 h 44 m 46 s)
85	Edward Gibson	USA	Apollo - Skylab 3	84 d 1 h 15 m 30 s (2017 h 15 m 30 s)
86	William Pogue	USA	Apollo - Skylab 3	84 d 1 h 15 m 30 s (2017 h 15 m 30 s)
87	Gerald Carr	USA	Apollo - Skylab 3	84 d 1 h 15 m 30 s (2017 h 15 m 30 s)
88	Robert Behnken	USA	Dragon Demo-2 - ISS	63 d 23 h 25 m 15 s (1535 h 25 m 15 s)
89	Douglas Hurley	USA	Dragon Demo-2 - ISS	63 d 23 h 25 m 15 s (1535 h 25 m 15 s)
90	Alan Bean	USA	Apollo - Skylab 2	59 d 11 h 9 m 1 s (1427 h 9 m 1 s)
91	Jack Lousma	USA	Apollo - Skylab 2	59 d 11 h 9 m 1 s (1427 h 9 m 1 s)
92	Owen Garriott	USA	Apollo - Skylab 2	59 d 11 h 9 m 1 s (1427 h 9 m 1 s)
93	Paul Weitz	USA	Apollo - Skylab 1	28 d 0 h 49 m 49 s (672 h 49 m 49 s)
94	Joseph Kerwin	USA	Apollo - Skylab 1	28 d 0 h 49 m 49 s (672 h 49 m 49 s)
95	Charles Conrad	USA	Apollo - Skylab 1	28 d 0 h 49 m 49 s (672 h 49 m 49 s)
96	Thomas Jones	USA	Columbia STS-80	17 d 15 h 53 m 18 s (423 h 53 m 18 s)
97	Kent Rominger	USA	Columbia STS-80	17 d 15 h 53 m 18 s (423 h 53 m 18 s)
98	Franklin Musgrave	USA	Columbia STS-80	17 d 15 h 53 m 18 s (423 h 53 m 18 s)
99	Kenneth Cockrell	USA	Columbia STS-80	17 d 15 h 53 m 18 s (423 h 53 m 18 s)
100	Tamara Jernigan	USA	Columbia STS-80	17 d 15 h 53 m 18 s (423 h 53 m 18 s)
101	Larry Connor	USA	Dragon-6-Axiom-1 - ISS	17 d 1 h 49 m 0 s (409 h 49 m 0 s)
102	Charles Brady	USA	Columbia STS-78	16 d 21 h 47 m 45 s (405 h 47 m 45 s)
103	Richard Linnehan	USA	Columbia STS-78	16 d 21 h 47 m 45 s (405 h 47 m 45 s)
104	Terence Henricks	USA	Columbia STS-78	16 d 21 h 47 m 45 s (405 h 47 m 45 s)
105	Kevin Kregel	USA	Columbia STS-78	16 d 21 h 47 m 45 s (405 h 47 m 45 s)
106	William Gregory	USA	Endeavour STS-67	16 d 15 h 8 m 48 s (399 h 8 m 48 s)
107	John Grunsfeld	USA	Endeavour STS-67	16 d 15 h 8 m 48 s (399 h 8 m 48 s)
108	Wendy Lawrence	USA	Endeavour STS-67	16 d 15 h 8 m 48 s (399 h 8 m 48 s)
109	Stephen Oswald	USA	Endeavour STS-67	16 d 15 h 8 m 48 s (399 h 8 m 48 s)
110	Samuel Durrance	USA	Endeavour STS-67	16 d 15 h 8 m 48 s (399 h 8 m 48 s)
111	Ronald Parise	USA	Endeavour STS-67	16 d 15 h 8 m 48 s (399 h 8 m 48 s)
112	David Brown	USA	Columbia STS-107	15 d 22 h 21 m 0 s (382 h 21 m 0 s)
113	Laurel Clark	USA	Columbia STS-107	15 d 22 h 21 m 0 s (382 h 21 m 0 s)
114	Rick Husband	USA	Columbia STS-107	15 d 22 h 21 m 0 s (382 h 21 m 0 s)
115	Kalpana Chawla	USA	Columbia STS-107	15 d 22 h 21 m 0 s (382 h 21 m 0 s)
116	Michael Anderson	USA	Columbia STS-107	15 d 22 h 21 m 0 s (382 h 21 m 0 s)
117	William McCool	USA	Columbia STS-107	15 d 22 h 21 m 0 s (382 h 21 m 0 s)
118	Albert Sacco	USA	Columbia STS-73	15 d 21 h 52 m 21 s (381 h 52 m 21 s)
119	Frederick Leslie	USA	Columbia STS-73	15 d 21 h 52 m 21 s (381 h 52 m 21 s)
120	Kathryn Thornton	USA	Columbia STS-73	15 d 21 h 52 m 21 s (381 h 52 m 21 s)
121	Kathryn Hire	USA	Columbia STS-90	15 d 21 h 49 m 59 s (381 h 49 m 59 s)
122	Jay Buckey	USA	Columbia STS-90	15 d 21 h 49 m 59 s (381 h 49 m 59 s)
123	James Pawelczyk	USA	Columbia STS-90	15 d 21 h 49 m 59 s (381 h 49 m 59 s)
124	Richard Searfoss	USA	Columbia STS-90	15 d 21 h 49 m 59 s (381 h 49 m 59 s)
125	Scott Altman	USA	Columbia STS-90	15 d 21 h 49 m 59 s (381 h 49 m 59 s)
126	Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper	USA	Endeavour STS-126 - ISS	15 d 20 h 29 m 27 s (380 h 29 m 27 s)
127	Eric Boe	USA	Endeavour STS-126 - ISS	15 d 20 h 29 m 27 s (380 h 29 m 27 s)
128	Christopher Ferguson	USA	Endeavour STS-126 - ISS	15 d 20 h 29 m 27 s (380 h 29 m 27 s)
129	Dominic Gorie	USA	Endeavour STS-123 - ISS	15 d 18 h 10 m 54 s (378 h 10 m 54 s)
130	Michael Foreman	USA	Endeavour STS-123 - ISS	15 d 18 h 10 m 54 s (378 h 10 m 54 s)
131	Gregory Johnson	USA	Endeavour STS-123 - ISS	15 d 18 h 10 m 54 s (378 h 10 m 54 s)
132	Jeffrey Hoffman	USA	Columbia STS-75	15 d 17 h 40 m 21 s (377 h 40 m 21 s)
133	Scott Horowitz	USA	Columbia STS-75	15 d 17 h 40 m 21 s (377 h 40 m 21 s)
134	Andrew Allen	USA	Columbia STS-75	15 d 17 h 40 m 21 s (377 h 40 m 21 s)
135	Mark Kelly	USA	Endeavour STS-134 - ISS	15 d 17 h 38 m 23 s (377 h 38 m 23 s)
136	Mark Polansky	USA	Endeavour STS-127 - ISS	15 d 16 h 45 m 48 s (376 h 45 m 48 s)
137	Susan Still (Kilrain)	USA	Columbia STS-94	15 d 16 h 44 m 34 s (376 h 44 m 34 s)
138	James Halsell	USA	Columbia STS-94	15 d 16 h 44 m 34 s (376 h 44 m 34 s)
139	Janice Voss	USA	Columbia STS-94	15 d 16 h 44 m 34 s (376 h 44 m 34 s)
140	Donald Thomas	USA	Columbia STS-94	15 d 16 h 44 m 34 s (376 h 44 m 34 s)
141	Michael Gernhardt	USA	Columbia STS-94	15 d 16 h 44 m 34 s (376 h 44 m 34 s)
142	Roger Crouch	USA	Columbia STS-94	15 d 16 h 44 m 34 s (376 h 44 m 34 s)
143	Gregory Linteris	USA	Columbia STS-94	15 d 16 h 44 m 34 s (376 h 44 m 34 s)
144	Winston Scott	USA	Columbia STS-87	15 d 16 h 34 m 4 s (376 h 34 m 4 s)
145	Steven Lindsey	USA	Columbia STS-87	15 d 16 h 34 m 4 s (376 h 34 m 4 s)
146	James Dutton	USA	Discovery STS-131 - ISS	15 d 2 h 47 m 10 s (362 h 47 m 10 s)
147	Alan Poindexter	USA	Discovery STS-131 - ISS	15 d 2 h 47 m 10 s (362 h 47 m 10 s)
148	Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger	USA	Discovery STS-131 - ISS	15 d 2 h 47 m 10 s (362 h 47 m 10 s)
149	Stephanie Wilson	USA	Discovery STS-131 - ISS	15 d 2 h 47 m 10 s (362 h 47 m 10 s)
150	Pamela Melroy	USA	Discovery STS-120 - ISS	15 d 2 h 22 m 59 s (362 h 22 m 59 s)
151	George Zamka	USA	Discovery STS-120 - ISS	15 d 2 h 22 m 59 s (362 h 22 m 59 s)
152	Scott Parazynski	USA	Discovery STS-120 - ISS	15 d 2 h 22 m 59 s (362 h 22 m 59 s)
153	Robert Cabana	USA	Columbia STS-65	14 d 17 h 55 m 0 s (353 h 55 m 0 s)
154	Richard Hieb	USA	Columbia STS-65	14 d 17 h 55 m 0 s (353 h 55 m 0 s)
155	Martin Fettman	USA	Columbia STS-58	14 d 0 h 12 m 32 s (336 h 12 m 32 s)
156	Rhea Seddon	USA	Columbia STS-58	14 d 0 h 12 m 32 s (336 h 12 m 32 s)
157	John Casper	USA	Columbia STS-62	13 d 23 h 16 m 41 s (335 h 16 m 41 s)
158	Charles Gemar	USA	Columbia STS-62	13 d 23 h 16 m 41 s (335 h 16 m 41 s)
159	Pierre Thuot	USA	Columbia STS-62	13 d 23 h 16 m 41 s (335 h 16 m 41 s)
160	Marsha Ivins	USA	Columbia STS-62	13 d 23 h 16 m 41 s (335 h 16 m 41 s)
161	Stephen Robinson	USA	Discovery STS-114 - ISS	13 d 21 h 32 m 22 s (333 h 32 m 22 s)
162	Charles Camarda	USA	Discovery STS-114 - ISS	13 d 21 h 32 m 22 s (333 h 32 m 22 s)
163	Eileen Collins	USA	Discovery STS-114 - ISS	13 d 21 h 32 m 22 s (333 h 32 m 22 s)
164	James Kelly	USA	Discovery STS-114 - ISS	13 d 21 h 32 m 22 s (333 h 32 m 22 s)
165	John Olivas	USA	Discovery STS-128 - ISS	13 d 20 h 53 m 48 s (332 h 53 m 48 s)
166	Frederick Sturckow	USA	Discovery STS-128 - ISS	13 d 20 h 53 m 48 s (332 h 53 m 48 s)
167	Patrick Forrester	USA	Discovery STS-128 - ISS	13 d 20 h 53 m 48 s (332 h 53 m 48 s)
168	Jose Hernandez	USA	Discovery STS-128 - ISS	13 d 20 h 53 m 48 s (332 h 53 m 48 s)
169	Paul Lockhart	USA	Endeavour STS-111 - ISS	13 d 20 h 34 m 52 s (332 h 34 m 52 s)
170	Franklin Chang-Diaz	USA	Endeavour STS-111 - ISS	13 d 20 h 34 m 52 s (332 h 34 m 52 s)
171	Lee Archambault	USA	Atlantis STS-117 - ISS	13 d 20 h 11 m 34 s (332 h 11 m 34 s)
172	James Reilly	USA	Atlantis STS-117 - ISS	13 d 20 h 11 m 34 s (332 h 11 m 34 s)
173	Eugene Trinh	USA	Columbia STS-50	13 d 19 h 30 m 4 s (331 h 30 m 4 s)
174	Ellen Baker	USA	Columbia STS-50	13 d 19 h 30 m 4 s (331 h 30 m 4 s)
175	Richard Richards	USA	Columbia STS-50	13 d 19 h 30 m 4 s (331 h 30 m 4 s)
176	Bonnie Dunbar	USA	Columbia STS-50	13 d 19 h 30 m 4 s (331 h 30 m 4 s)
177	Carl Meade	USA	Columbia STS-50	13 d 19 h 30 m 4 s (331 h 30 m 4 s)
178	Lawrence DeLucas	USA	Columbia STS-50	13 d 19 h 30 m 4 s (331 h 30 m 4 s)
179	Charles Simonyi	USA	Soyuz TMA-10 - ISS	13 d 19 h 0 m 16 s (331 h 0 m 16 s)
180	John Herrington	USA	Endeavour STS-113 - ISS	13 d 18 h 47 m 25 s (330 h 47 m 25 s)
181	James Wetherbee	USA	Endeavour STS-113 - ISS	13 d 18 h 47 m 25 s (330 h 47 m 25 s)
182	James Lovell	USA	Gemini 7	13 d 18 h 35 m 1 s (330 h 35 m 1 s)
183	Frank Borman	USA	Gemini 7	13 d 18 h 35 m 1 s (330 h 35 m 1 s)
184	Kenneth Ham	USA	Discovery STS-124 - ISS	13 d 18 h 13 m 7 s (330 h 13 m 7 s)
185	Nicholas Patrick	USA	Endeavour STS-130 - ISS	13 d 18 h 6 m 24 s (330 h 6 m 24 s)
186	Peter Wisoff	USA	Discovery STS-92 - ISS	12 d 21 h 42 m 41 s (309 h 42 m 41 s)
187	Brian Duffy	USA	Discovery STS-92 - ISS	12 d 21 h 42 m 41 s (309 h 42 m 41 s)
188	Michael Good	USA	Atlantis STS-125	12 d 21 h 37 m 9 s (309 h 37 m 9 s)
189	Gregory Johnson	USA	Atlantis STS-125	12 d 21 h 37 m 9 s (309 h 37 m 9 s)
190	Michael Massimino	USA	Atlantis STS-125	12 d 21 h 37 m 9 s (309 h 37 m 9 s)
191	Robert Curbeam	USA	Atlantis STS-98 - ISS	12 d 21 h 19 m 58 s (309 h 19 m 58 s)
192	Joan Higginbotham	USA	Discovery STS-116-ISS	12 d 20 h 44 m 23 s (308 h 44 m 23 s)
193	William Oefelein	USA	Discovery STS-116 - ISS	12 d 20 h 44 m 23 s (308 h 44 m 23 s)
194	Paul Richards	USA	Discovery STS-102 - ISS	12 d 19 h 48 m 51 s (307 h 48 m 51 s)
195	Dominic Antonelli	USA	Discovery STS-119 - ISS	12 d 19 h 29 m 33 s (307 h 29 m 33 s)
196	Benjamin Drew	USA	Discovery STS-133 - ISS	12 d 19 h 3 m 53 s (307 h 3 m 53 s)
197	Lisa Nowak	USA	Discovery STS-121 - ISS	12 d 18 h 37 m 54 s (306 h 37 m 54 s)
198	Piers Sellers	USA	Discovery STS-121 - ISS	12 d 18 h 37 m 54 s (306 h 37 m 54 s)
199	Charles Hobaugh	USA	Atlantis STS-104 - ISS	12 d 18 h 34 m 56 s (306 h 34 m 56 s)
200	Janet Kavandi	USA	Atlantis STS-104 - ISS	12 d 18 h 34 m 56 s (306 h 34 m 56 s)
201	Rex Walheim	USA	Atlantis STS-135 - ISS	12 d 18 h 27 m 56 s (306 h 27 m 56 s)
202	Stanley Love	USA	Atlantis STS-122-ISS	12 d 18 h 21 m 40 s (306 h 21 m 40 s)
203	Stephen Frick	USA	Atlantis STS-122 - ISS	12 d 18 h 21 m 40 s (306 h 21 m 40 s)
204	Leland Melvin	USA	Atlantis STS-122 - ISS	12 d 18 h 21 m 40 s (306 h 21 m 40 s)
205	Barbara Morgan	USA	Endeavour STS-118 - ISS	12 d 17 h 55 m 34 s (305 h 55 m 34 s)
206	Eugene Cernan	USA	Apollo 17	12 d 13 h 51 m 59 s (301 h 51 m 59 s)
207	Harrison Schmitt	USA	Apollo 17	12 d 13 h 51 m 59 s (301 h 51 m 59 s)
208	Ronald Evans	USA	Apollo 17	12 d 13 h 51 m 59 s (301 h 51 m 59 s)
209	Alfred Worden	USA	Apollo 15	12 d 7 h 11 m 53 s (295 h 11 m 53 s)
210	James Irwin	USA	Apollo 15	12 d 7 h 11 m 53 s (295 h 11 m 53 s)
211	David Scott	USA	Apollo 15	12 d 7 h 11 m 53 s (295 h 11 m 53 s)
212	Jeffrey Ashby	USA	Endeavour STS-100 - ISS	11 d 21 h 30 m 0 s (285 h 30 m 0 s)
213	Daniel Barry	USA	Discovery STS-105 - ISS	11 d 21 h 12 m 44 s (285 h 12 m 44 s)
214	Richard Garriott	USA	SoyuzTMA-13 - ISS	11 d 20 h 35 m 37 s (284 h 35 m 37 s)
215	Curtis Brown	USA	Discovery STS-85	11 d 20 h 26 m 59 s (284 h 26 m 59 s)
216	Nancy Jan Davis	USA	Discovery STS-85	11 d 20 h 26 m 59 s (284 h 26 m 59 s)
217	Linda Godwin	USA	Endeavour STS-108 - ISS	11 d 19 h 35 m 48 s (283 h 35 m 48 s)
218	Nancy Currie (Sherlock)	USA	Endeavour STS-88	11 d 19 h 17 m 55 s (283 h 17 m 55 s)
219	James Newman	USA	Endeavour STS-88 - ISS	11 d 19 h 17 m 55 s (283 h 17 m 55 s)
220	Jerry Ross	USA	Endeavour STS-88	11 d 19 h 17 m 55 s (283 h 17 m 55 s)
221	Terrence Wilcutt	USA	Atlantis STS-106 - ISS	11 d 19 h 12 m 14 s (283 h 12 m 14 s)
222	Brent Jett	USA	Atlantis STS-115	11 d 19 h 6 m 35 s (283 h 6 m 35 s)
223	Joseph Tanner	USA	Atlantis STS-115 - ISS	11 d 19 h 6 m 35 s (283 h 6 m 35 s)
224	Sidney Gutierrez	USA	Endeavour STS-59	11 d 5 h 49 m 30 s (269 h 49 m 30 s)
225	Kevin Chilton	USA	Endeavour STS-59	11 d 5 h 49 m 30 s (269 h 49 m 30 s)
226	Jerome Apt	USA	Endeavour STS-59	11 d 5 h 49 m 30 s (269 h 49 m 30 s)
227	Michael Clifford	USA	Endeavour STS-59	11 d 5 h 49 m 30 s (269 h 49 m 30 s)
228	Michael Baker	USA	Endeavour STS-68	11 d 5 h 46 m 8 s (269 h 46 m 8 s)
229	Steven Smith	USA	Endeavour STS-68	11 d 5 h 46 m 8 s (269 h 46 m 8 s)
230	Thomas Mattingly	USA	Apollo 16	11 d 1 h 51 m 5 s (265 h 51 m 5 s)
231	John Young	USA	Apollo 16	11 d 1 h 51 m 5 s (265 h 51 m 5 s)
232	Charles Duke	USA	Apollo 16	11 d 1 h 51 m 5 s (265 h 51 m 5 s)
233	Lloyd Hammond	USA	Discovery STS-64	10 d 22 h 49 m 57 s (262 h 49 m 57 s)
234	Mark Lee	USA	Discovery STS-64	10 d 22 h 49 m 57 s (262 h 49 m 57 s)
235	Donald McMonagle	USA	Atlantis STS-66	10 d 22 h 34 m 2 s (262 h 34 m 2 s)
236	Ellen Ochoa	USA	Atlantis STS-66	10 d 22 h 34 m 2 s (262 h 34 m 2 s)
237	Duane Carey	USA	Columbia STS-109	10 d 22 h 9 m 50 s (262 h 9 m 50 s)
238	Anousheh Ansari	USA	Soyuz TMA-9 - ISS	10 d 21 h 4 m 37 s (261 h 4 m 37 s)
239	George Low	USA	Columbia STS-32	10 d 21 h 0 m 36 s (261 h 0 m 36 s)
240	Daniel Brandenstein	USA	Columbia STS-32	10 d 21 h 0 m 36 s (261 h 0 m 36 s)
241	David Walker	USA	Endeavour STS-69	10 d 20 h 28 m 56 s (260 h 28 m 56 s)
242	Wolter Schirra	USA	Apollo 7	10 d 20 h 9 m 3 s (260 h 9 m 3 s)
243	Donn Eisele	USA	Apollo 7	10 d 20 h 9 m 3 s (260 h 9 m 3 s)
244	Walter Cunningham	USA	Apollo 7	10 d 20 h 9 m 3 s (260 h 9 m 3 s)
245	Thomas Akers	USA	Endeavour STS-61	10 d 19 h 58 m 37 s (259 h 58 m 37 s)
246	Richard Covey	USA	Endeavour STS-61	10 d 19 h 58 m 37 s (259 h 58 m 37 s)
247	Carlos Noriega	USA	Endeavour STS-97 - ISS	10 d 19 h 58 m 19 s (259 h 58 m 19 s)
248	Michael Bloomfield	USA	Endeavour STS-97 - ISS	10 d 19 h 58 m 19 s (259 h 58 m 19 s)
249	Lee Morin	USA	Atlantis STS-110 - ISS	10 d 19 h 42 m 38 s (259 h 42 m 38 s)
250	Robert Satcher	USA	Atlantis STS-129 - ISS	10 d 19 h 16 m 13 s (259 h 16 m 13 s)
251	Robert Parker	USA	Columbia STS-9	10 d 7 h 47 m 24 s (247 h 47 m 24 s)
252	Byron Lichtenberg	USA	Columbia STS-9	10 d 7 h 47 m 24 s (247 h 47 m 24 s)
253	Brewster Shaw	USA	Columbia STS-9	10 d 7 h 47 m 24 s (247 h 47 m 24 s)
254	Richard Gordon	USA	Apollo 12	10 d 4 h 36 m 25 s (244 h 36 m 25 s)
255	William Readdy	USA	Atlantis STS-79 - Mir	10 d 3 h 18 m 26 s (243 h 18 m 26 s)
256	James McDivitt	USA	Apollo 9	10 d 1 h 0 m 54 s (241 h 0 m 54 s)
257	Russell Schweickart	USA	Apollo 9	10 d 1 h 0 m 54 s (241 h 0 m 54 s)
258	Mario Runco	USA	Endeavour STS-77	10 d 0 h 39 m 18 s (240 h 39 m 18 s)
259	Ronald Grabe	USA	Endeavour STS-57	9 d 23 h 44 m 54 s (239 h 44 m 54 s)
260	Bernard Harris	USA	Columbia STS-55	9 d 23 h 39 m 59 s (239 h 39 m 59 s)
261	Steven Nagel	USA	Columbia STS-55	9 d 23 h 39 m 59 s (239 h 39 m 59 s)
262	Charles Precourt	USA	Columbia STS-55	9 d 23 h 39 m 59 s (239 h 39 m 59 s)
263	Steven Hawley	USA	Discovery STS-82	9 d 23 h 37 m 9 s (239 h 37 m 9 s)
264	Gregory Harbaugh	USA	Discovery STS-82	9 d 23 h 37 m 9 s (239 h 37 m 9 s)
265	Gregory Olsen	USA	Soyuz TMA-7 - ISS	9 d 21 h 14 m 55 s (237 h 14 m 55 s)
266	Charles Veach	USA	Columbia STS-52	9 d 20 h 56 m 13 s (236 h 56 m 13 s)
267	Mary Weber	USA	Atlantis STS-101 - ISS	9 d 20 h 9 m 9 s (236 h 9 m 9 s)
268	Robert Gibson	USA	Atlantis STS-71 - Mir	9 d 19 h 22 m 15 s (235 h 22 m 15 s)
269	Kenneth Cameron	USA	Discovery STS-56	9 d 6 h 8 m 24 s (222 h 8 m 24 s)
270	John Shoffner	USA	Dragon-10 - ISS	9 d 5 h 27 m 0 s (221 h 27 m 0 s)
271	Ronald Sega	USA	Atlantis STS-76 - Mir	9 d 5 h 15 m 53 s (221 h 15 m 53 s)
272	Millie Hughes-Fulford	USA	Columbia STS-40	9 d 2 h 14 m 20 s (218 h 14 m 20 s)
273	James Bagian	USA	Columbia STS-40	9 d 2 h 14 m 20 s (218 h 14 m 20 s)
274	Bryan O'Connor	USA	Columbia STS-40	9 d 2 h 14 m 20 s (218 h 14 m 20 s)
275	Francis Gaffney	USA	Columbia STS-40	9 d 2 h 14 m 20 s (218 h 14 m 20 s)
276	Vance Brand	USA	Apollo - Soyuz	9 d 1 h 28 m 0 s (217 h 28 m 0 s)
277	Donald Slayton	USA	Apollo - Soyuz	9 d 1 h 28 m 0 s (217 h 28 m 0 s)
278	Thomas Stafford	USA	Apollo-Soyuz	9 d 1 h 28 m 0 s (217 h 28 m 0 s)
279	Edgar Mitchell	USA	Apollo 14	9 d 0 h 1 m 58 s (216 h 1 m 58 s)
280	Stuart Roosa	USA	Apollo 14	9 d 0 h 1 m 58 s (216 h 1 m 58 s)
281	Alan Shepard	USA	Apollo 14	9 d 0 h 1 m 58 s (216 h 1 m 58 s)
282	Guy Gardner	USA	Columbia STS-35	8 d 23 h 5 m 8 s (215 h 5 m 8 s)
283	John Lounge	USA	Columbia STS-35	8 d 23 h 5 m 8 s (215 h 5 m 8 s)
284	Charles Bolden	USA	Atlantis STS-45	8 d 22 h 9 m 28 s (214 h 9 m 28 s)
285	Kathryn Sullivan	USA	Atlantis STS-45	8 d 22 h 9 m 28 s (214 h 9 m 28 s)
286	David Leestma	USA	Atlantis STS-45	8 d 22 h 9 m 28 s (214 h 9 m 28 s)
287	John Glenn	USA	Discovery STS-95	8 d 21 h 44 m 26 s (213 h 44 m 26 s)
288	James Adamson	USA	Atlantis STS-43	8 d 21 h 21 m 26 s (213 h 21 m 26 s)
289	Bruce Melnick	USA	Endeavour STS-49	8 d 21 h 17 m 38 s (213 h 17 m 38 s)
290	Joe Edwards	USA	Endeavour STS- 89 - Mir	8 d 19 h 46 m 54 s (211 h 46 m 54 s)
291	Michael Coats	USA	Discovery STS-39	8 d 7 h 22 m 23 s (199 h 22 m 23 s)
292	Guion Bluford	USA	Discovery STS-39	8 d 7 h 22 m 23 s (199 h 22 m 23 s)
293	Kenneth Reightler	USA	Discovery STS-60	8 d 7 h 9 m 22 s (199 h 9 m 22 s)
294	Jon McBride	USA	Challenger STS-41G	8 d 5 h 23 m 38 s (197 h 23 m 38 s)
295	Sally Ride	USA	Challenger STS-41G	8 d 5 h 23 m 38 s (197 h 23 m 38 s)
296	Robert Crippen	USA	Challenger STS-41G	8 d 5 h 23 m 38 s (197 h 23 m 38 s)
297	Paul Scully-Power	USA	Challenger STS-41G	8 d 5 h 23 m 38 s (197 h 23 m 38 s)
298	Michael Collins	USA	Apollo 11	8 d 3 h 18 m 35 s (195 h 18 m 35 s)
299	Neil Armstrong	USA	Apollo 11	8 d 3 h 18 m 35 s (195 h 18 m 35 s)
300	Edwin Aldrin	USA	Apollo 11	8 d 3 h 18 m 35 s (195 h 18 m 35 s)
301	David Hilmers	USA	Discovery STS-42	8 d 1 h 14 m 44 s (193 h 14 m 44 s)
302	Charles Fullerton	USA	Columbia STS-3	8 d 0 h 4 m 46 s (192 h 4 m 46 s)
303	Dale Gardner	USA	Discovery STS-51A	7 d 23 h 44 m 56 s (191 h 44 m 56 s)
304	Frederick Hauck	USA	Discovery STS-51A	7 d 23 h 44 m 56 s (191 h 44 m 56 s)
305	Joseph Allen	USA	Discovery STS-51A	7 d 23 h 44 m 56 s (191 h 44 m 56 s)
306	Anna Fisher	USA	Discovery STS-51A	7 d 23 h 44 m 56 s (191 h 44 m 56 s)
307	Robert Stewart	USA	Challenger STS-41B	7 d 23 h 15 m 55 s (191 h 15 m 55 s)
308	Bruce McCandless	USA	Challenger STS-41B	7 d 23 h 15 m 55 s (191 h 15 m 55 s)
309	Ronald McNair	USA	Challenger STS-41B	7 d 23 h 15 m 55 s (191 h 15 m 55 s)
310	Loren Shriver	USA	Atlantis STS-46	7 d 23 h 15 m 3 s (191 h 15 m 3 s)
311	Gordon Cooper	USA	Gemini 5	7 d 22 h 55 m 14 s (190 h 55 m 14 s)
312	Loren Acton	USA	Challenger STS-51F	7 d 22 h 45 m 26 s (190 h 45 m 26 s)
313	John-David Bartoe	USA	Challenger STS-51F	7 d 22 h 45 m 26 s (190 h 45 m 26 s)
314	Roy Bridges	USA	Challenger STS-51F	7 d 22 h 45 m 26 s (190 h 45 m 26 s)
315	Anthony England	USA	Challenger STS-51F	7 d 22 h 45 m 26 s (190 h 45 m 26 s)
316	Karl Henize	USA	Challenger STS-51F	7 d 22 h 45 m 26 s (190 h 45 m 26 s)
317	Mae Jemison	USA	Endeavour STS-47	7 d 22 h 30 m 23 s (190 h 30 m 23 s)
318	Dennis Tito	USA	Soyuz TM-32 - ISS	7 d 22 h 4 m 8 s (190 h 4 m 8 s)
319	William Fisher	USA	Discovery STS-51I	7 d 2 h 17 m 42 s (170 h 17 m 42 s)
320	Joe Engle	USA	Discovery STS-51I	7 d 2 h 17 m 42 s (170 h 17 m 42 s)
321	James van Hoften	USA	Discovery STS-51I	7 d 2 h 17 m 42 s (170 h 17 m 42 s)
322	John Fabian	USA	Discovery STS-51G	7 d 1 h 38 m 52 s (169 h 38 m 52 s)
323	John Creighton	USA	Discovery STS-51G	7 d 1 h 38 m 52 s (169 h 38 m 52 s)
324	Henry Hartsfield	USA	Columbia STS-4	7 d 1 h 9 m 31 s (169 h 9 m 31 s)
325	James Buchli	USA	Challenger STS-61A	7 d 0 h 44 m 53 s (168 h 44 m 53 s)
326	Frederick Gregory	USA	Challenger STS-51B	7 d 0 h 8 m 46 s (168 h 8 m 46 s)
327	Don Lind	USA	Challenger STS-51B	7 d 0 h 8 m 46 s (168 h 8 m 46 s)
328	William Thornton	USA	Challenger STS-51B	7 d 0 h 8 m 46 s (168 h 8 m 46 s)
329	Robert Overmyer	USA	Challenger STS-51B	7 d 0 h 8 m 46 s (168 h 8 m 46 s)
330	Lodewijk van den Berg	USA	Challenger STS-51B	7 d 0 h 8 m 46 s (168 h 8 m 46 s)
331	Taylor Wang	USA	Challenger STS-51B	7 d 0 h 8 m 46 s (168 h 8 m 46 s)
332	Edwin Garn	USA	Discovery STS-51D	6 d 23 h 55 m 23 s (167 h 55 m 23 s)
333	Karol Bobko	USA	Discovery STS-51D	6 d 23 h 55 m 23 s (167 h 55 m 23 s)
334	Charles Walker	USA	Discovery STS-51D	6 d 23 h 55 m 23 s (167 h 55 m 23 s)
335	Donald Williams	USA	Discovery STS-51D	6 d 23 h 55 m 23 s (167 h 55 m 23 s)
336	Stanley Griggs	USA	Discovery STS-51D	6 d 23 h 55 m 23 s (167 h 55 m 23 s)
337	Francis Scobee	USA	Challenger STS-41C	6 d 23 h 40 m 7 s (167 h 40 m 7 s)
338	Terry Hart	USA	Challenger STS-41C	6 d 23 h 40 m 7 s (167 h 40 m 7 s)
339	George Nelson	USA	Challenger STS-41C	6 d 23 h 40 m 7 s (167 h 40 m 7 s)
340	Thomas Hennen	USA	Atlantis STS-44	6 d 22 h 50 m 44 s (166 h 50 m 44 s)
341	Sherwood Spring	USA	Atlantis STS-61B	6 d 21 h 4 m 49 s (165 h 4 m 49 s)
342	Mary Cleave	USA	Atlantis STS-61B	6 d 21 h 4 m 49 s (165 h 4 m 49 s)
343	William Anders	USA	Apollo 8	6 d 3 h 0 m 42 s (147 h 0 m 42 s)
344	Robert Cenker	USA	Columbia STS-61C	6 d 2 h 3 m 51 s (146 h 3 m 51 s)
345	Clarence Nelson	USA	Columbia STS-61C	6 d 2 h 3 m 51 s (146 h 3 m 51 s)
346	Richard Truly	USA	Challenger STS-8	6 d 1 h 8 m 43 s (145 h 8 m 43 s)
347	Judith Resnik	USA	Discovery STS-41D	6 d 0 h 56 m 4 s (144 h 56 m 4 s)
348	Richard Mullane	USA	Discovery STS-41D	6 d 0 h 56 m 4 s (144 h 56 m 4 s)
349	Fred Haise	USA	Apollo 13	5 d 22 h 54 m 41 s (142 h 54 m 41 s)
350	John Swigert	USA	Apollo 13	5 d 22 h 54 m 41 s (142 h 54 m 41 s)
351	Mark Brown	USA	Discovery STS-48	5 d 8 h 27 m 38 s (128 h 27 m 38 s)
352	William Lenoir	USA	Columbia STS-5	5 d 2 h 14 m 26 s (122 h 14 m 26 s)
353	Donald Peterson	USA	Challenger STS-6	5 d 0 h 23 m 42 s (120 h 23 m 42 s)
354	Manley Carter	USA	Discovery STS-33	5 d 0 h 6 m 48 s (120 h 6 m 48 s)
355	Michael McCulley	USA	Atlantis STS-34	4 d 23 h 39 m 21 s (119 h 39 m 21 s)
356	Robert Springer	USA	Discovery STS-29	4 d 23 h 38 m 50 s (119 h 38 m 50 s)
357	Sarah Gillis	USA	Dragon-14-Polaris Dawn	4 d 22 h 14 m 0 s (118 h 14 m 0 s)
358	Anna Menon	USA	Dragon-14-Polaris Dawn	4 d 22 h 14 m 0 s (118 h 14 m 0 s)
359	Scott Poteet	USA	Dragon-14-Polaris Dawn	4 d 22 h 14 m 0 s (118 h 14 m 0 s)
360	Jared Isaacman	USA	Dragon-14-Polaris Dawn	4 d 22 h 14 m 0 s (118 h 14 m 0 s)
361	Edward White	USA	Gemini 4	4 d 1 h 56 m 12 s (97 h 56 m 12 s)
362	William Pailes	USA	Atlantis STS-51J	4 d 1 h 44 m 38 s (97 h 44 m 38 s)
363	Gary Payton	USA	Discovery STS-51C	3 d 1 h 33 m 23 s (73 h 33 m 23 s)
364	Ellison Onizuka	USA	Discovery STS-51C	3 d 1 h 33 m 23 s (73 h 33 m 23 s)
365	Sian Proctor	USA	Dragon-4-Inspiration4	2 d 23 h 3 m 4 s (71 h 3 m 4 s)
366	Hayley Arceneaux	USA	Dragon-4-Inspiration4	2 d 23 h 3 m 4 s (71 h 3 m 4 s)
367	Chris Sembroski	USA	Dragon-4-Inspiration4	2 d 23 h 3 m 4 s (71 h 3 m 4 s)
368	Malcolm Carpenter	USA	Aurora 7	0 d 4 h 56 m 5 s (4 h 56 m 5 s)
369	Virgil Grissom	USA	Gemini 3	0 d 4 h 52 m 31 s (4 h 52 m 31 s)